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Corruption in Equatorial Guinea is high by world standards and considered among the worst of any country on earth. It has been described as "an almost perfect kleptocracy" in which the scale of systemic corruption and the rulers' indifference towards the people's welfare place it at the bottom of every major governance indicator or ranking, below nations with similar per capita GDPs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =Human Rights Watch )〕 "Few countries symbolize oil-fuelled corruption and nepotism more than Equatorial Guinea," wrote Jan Mouawad in the ''New York Times'' in July 2009. Its corruption system, according to the Open Society Foundations (OSF), is "unparalleled in its brazenness."〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =Open Society Foundations )〕 This government is controlled by a limited group of powerful individuals who divert most of the country's revenues into their own clandestine bank accounts in other nations.〔 Equatorial Guinea’s corruption is so entrenched, scholar Geoffrey Wood has claimed, that it can be classified as a criminal state. This situation is especially dramatic due in large part to the massive scale of the country's revenues from oil and other natural resources. ''The Guardian'' noted that the nation is enormously wealthy due to vast oil reserves, but that that wealth is concentrated in the hands of a elite minority.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =The Guardian )〕 Despite its GDP per capita of US$32,026 – which makes it richer than any other African country and places it above Spain, Portugal, and Russia – Equatorial Guinea is ranked 136 out of 187 countries in the Human Development Index measure of quality of life. While the people of Equatorial Guinea technically have a per capita GDP similar to Spain or Italy the vast majority live in poverty worse than Afghanistan or Chad, according to Arvind Ganesan of Human Rights Watch in 2009, attributing this disparity to the government’s corruption, incompetence, and disregard of its own people's well-being.〔 Indeed, most people in Equatorial Guinea remain in abject poverty, with no access to healthcare or education. Meanwhile, any criticism of the ruling class is non-existent due to the government's use of force and intimidation to silence opposition.〔 Sasha Lezhnev of ''Global Witness'' noted in 2008 that the government earns oil revenues in the billions yearly, while the population lives on less than US$1 a day.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =IRIN )〕 President Teodoro Obiang is said to have control over the oil reserves and the government, Ganesan claimed, and consequentially the country's immensely rich treasury is "a private cash machine for a few" rather than used for any public benefit.〔 According to the ''Financial Times'', Foreign diplomats joke that Equatorial Guinea is a family-run business which holds a seat at the UN.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =Financial Times )〕 The nation is known among foreign businessmen as a poor environment for business and investments. The individual who has become most associated in the international media with the corruption of Equatorial Guinea's leaders is Teodorin Obiang, a son of the president whose lavish lifestyle in southern California, Paris, and elsewhere has made headlines and been the target of investigations by American and French authorities, among others. Because of the staggeringly high levels of corruption, the country always ranks near the bottom of Transparency International’s (TI) Corruption Perception Index. In 2009, only seven countries were lower.〔 It is the only nation in the world since 2008 to receive a score of 'zero' for budget transparency. In 2008, a U.S. State Department report indicated that officials in Equatorial Guinea are frequently engaging in corruption and illegal practices with impunity.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =U.S. Department of State )〕 In 2014, the country received a score of zero on TI's "Open Budget Index."〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =Transparency International )〕 From 1996 to 2013, the Economic Intelligence Unit gave the country a score of 0.0 for "control of corruption".〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =The World Bank )〕 On the National Resource Governance Institute's Resource Governance Index, Equatorial Guinea received a "failing" score of 13/100, ranking 56th out of 58 countries. On "reporting practices", it received a score of 14/100, for a rank of 55th.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =Natural Resoure Governance Institute )〕 In 2011, Freedom House put Equatorial Guinea in its "worst of the worst" category for governments that violate human rights and civil liberties, which also includes North Korea, Sudan, and Turkmenistan.〔 In its 2014 world report, Human Rights Watch (HRW) stated: "Corruption, poverty, and repression continue to plague Equatorial Guinea.....Vast oil revenues fund lavish lifestyles for the small elite surrounding the president, while a large proportion of the population continues to live in poverty. Mismanagement of public funds and credible allegations of high-level corruption persist, as do other serious abuses, including arbitrary detention, secret detention, and unfair trials."〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =Human Rights Watch )〕 ==Corruption system== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Corruption in Equatorial Guinea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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